Portfolio Clarity Foundations

Yield on Cost

Definition

The dividend income received expressed as a percentage of the original purchase price rather than the current market value.

Why it matters

It shows the income return on the original capital invested. It grows over time as dividends increase even if the share price has not moved.

What most investors miss

The gap between what the term means and how it is usually applied.

They compare yield on cost across holdings without accounting for opportunity cost. A high yield on cost from an underperforming holding may not be the best use of that capital.

How to read it

Use yield on cost to understand the income history of a long-held position. Do not use it to make current allocation decisions. Current yield is more relevant for that.

Multi-account lens

How this term reads differently across brokers and accounts.

Yield on cost varies by account depending on when each account purchased the same holding. Across a multi-account portfolio holdings bought at different prices have different yields on cost even for the same ticker.

Concrete example

What this looks like with real numbers.

Scenario

An investor bought 1,200 shares of a UK REIT at £7.80 in 2017. Current price: £19.40. Annual dividend: £1.26/share. Yield on cost: 16.2%. Current yield: 6.5%. Both numbers are real — yield on cost captures the compounding benefit of time; current yield is what a new buyer receives today.

What it reveals

Yield on cost is most useful as a holding-quality signal over time. It should not justify keeping a position whose thesis has changed — but it can clarify why the original position is worth holding.

Diagnosis first, then workflow, then fit.

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